Lafiyar tunanin mutum yana da mahimmanci ga daidaitawar mutum da kuma yin aiki a cikin fuskantar canjin yanayi na al'amuran rayuwa. Yana nuna ƙarfin tunani da tunani na mutum wanda ke ƙayyade ingancin rayuwa.

Abubuwa daban-daban da ke shafar lafiyar kwakwalwa sun haɗa da muhalli, halaye har ma da kwayoyin halitta.

Tun shekaru da yawa kiwon lafiyar hankali ya kasance batu mai kona a tsakanin al'umma da masana. Masana daban-daban sun yi nazarin lafiyar kwakwalwa kuma sun ba da shawarar dabaru daban-daban don kula da shi. Abubuwan gama-gari daga abubuwan da suka tattara sun jaddada abubuwa masu zuwa:

. samun isasshen barci

. ku ci lafiya

. zauna tabbatacce

. abokantaka masu himma

. da burin da kuma aiki zuwa gare su             

. zama mai motsa jiki

. nemi taimakon ƙwararru don gyara matsalar tabin hankali lokacin da ake buƙata

Labari na gaba zai ilimantar da kai game da yanayi dabam-dabam da ake ɗaukan tabin hankali.

Menene tabin hankali?

Rashin lafiyayyan hankali na iya haifar da ciwon hauka. Kalmar laima ce wacce ta ƙunshi yanayi marasa ƙididdigewa waɗanda ke shafar yadda mutum yake ji da kuma amsawa.

A kididdiga, kusan ɗaya cikin biyar manya suna fuskantar aƙalla cutar tabin hankali ɗaya kowace shekara. Kuma kusan ɗaya daga cikin manya 25 na fama da matsanancin ciwon hauka kowace shekara.

Kimanin cututtukan tabin hankali 300 an jera su a cikin Manufofin Bincike da Ƙididdiga na Kwayoyi na Mental (DSM). Kuma an tattauna wasu mafi yawan su a ƙasa:

juyayi cuta

Samun damuwa ko tsoro al'ada ce kuma mutane da yawa sun shaida shi a lokuta daban-daban. Amma lokacin da ya fara haifar da abin da ba shi da mahimmanci kuma yana haifar da martani maras kulawa to ana kiran shi rashin tsoro.

Rashin damuwa yana biye da halayen jiki kamar ƙarancin numfashi, girgiza jikin jiki da bugun zuciya. Yana shafar maida hankali, barci kuma yana tsoma baki cikin ayyukan rayuwar yau da kullun.

Yana faruwa ne saboda dalilai da yawa waɗanda suka haɗa da: asalin iyali, damuwa mai gudana, abubuwan halitta da kuma wani lamari mai ban tsoro. Rashin damuwa sun haɗa da rashin tsoro, rashin jin daɗin jama'a,na kawo damuwa damuwa da takamaiman phobias.

Ciwon yanayi

Waɗannan sun haɗa da ci gaba da jin baƙin ciki ko motsin yanayi daga matsanancin farin ciki zuwa matsananciyar baƙin ciki. Mafi yawan cututtukan yanayi sune cuta mai laushi, damuwa, da kuma cyclothymic cuta.

Rashin hankali

Waɗannan yanayin tunani sun haɗa da gurɓataccen tunani da sanin abin da ake magana, waɗanda ke fuskantar alamomi guda biyu na gama gari:

. Rushewa: to dandana hotuna da sautunan da ba na gaske ba kamar jin muryoyin da hango mutum.

. Haushi: ya ƙunshi yarda da gaskatawar ƙarya a matsayin gaskiya.

Schizophrenia misali ne na gama gari na rashin hankali inda batun ke da alaƙa da manyan alamomi kamar ruɗi, ruɗi da rashin tunani. Abubuwa da yawa kamar gadon gado, rashin daidaituwar sinadarai a cikin kwakwalwa, muhalli da magunguna suna taimakawa wajen fara wannan yanayin tunani.

cin cuta

Mutumin da ke fama da matsalar cin abinci zai nuna matsananciyar motsin rai, ɗabi'a da ɗabi'a da suka haɗa da nauyi da abinci. Cututtukan cin abinci guda biyu na gama gari sune:

. Anorexia nervosa: a cikin wannan yanayin, batun ya zama sananne a fili game da karuwar sa wanda ya sa ya yi tsayi sosai don guje wa adadin kuzari kuma ya ƙare yana kallon bakin ciki mai haɗari.

. Rashin cin abinci mai yawa: a karkashin wannan yanayin, mutum yana ci gaba da cin abinci don jure yanayin damuwa da motsin rai.

Sarrafa motsa jiki da rikicewar jaraba

Mutanen da ke ƙarƙashin rinjayar wannan cuta suna cin karo da buƙatun da ba za a iya sarrafa su ba don yin ayyukan da ba su yarda da jama'a ba. Gabaɗaya ana ɗaukar waɗannan mutane marasa alhaki da mara kyau a cikin alaƙa. Misalai na gama-gari na wannan oda sune:

. Kleptomania: a cikin wannan yanayin, batun yana fama da rashin kulawa don satar abubuwa.

. Pyromaniya: batun tare da yanayin tunani mai zuwa yana jin kunna abubuwa akan wuta.

. Caca mai tilastawa da jarabar muggan ƙwayoyi wasu nau'ikan wannan cuta ne.

Rashin halin mutum

Mutanen da ke da matsalar ɗabi'a gabaɗaya suna fuskantar matsalolin daidaitawa a wurin aikinsu, gida ko makaranta. Suna shiga cikin matsala saboda yanayin halayensu marasa sassauci da damuwa. Irin waɗannan mutane suna da tsayayyen tunani da ɗabi'a waɗanda ba su dace da ƙa'idodin al'umma ba. Rikicin halayen mutum na gama gari sune:

. Rashin zaman lafiya: a karkashin wannan yanayin, mutum yana da tsarin halaye da tunani na rashin son jama'a ko aikata laifuka.

.  Paranoid hali cuta: mutanen da ke fama da wannan cuta suna da tsarin tunani mara kyau. Irin waɗannan mutane sau da yawa suna da batutuwan dogara kuma suna da shakku kan abubuwan da suka faru da mutane lokacin da babu dalilin zama.

Ciwon Hankali-Tsarin Zuciya (OCD): mutanen da ke fama da wannan cuta ko da yaushe suna da dogon tunani ko tsoro da ake kira raɗaɗi wanda ke sa su yin wasu ayyuka na yau da kullun da aka sani da tilastawa. Misali wanda ya damu da tsaron gidansa zai duba makullin kofarsa da karfi.

Rashin damuwa bayan tashin hankali (PTSD): Yanayi ne inda mutum ya kamu da tunani mai ban tsoro kuma ya ji ɓacin rai bayan wani lamari mai ban tsoro kamar mutuwar ƙaunataccen mutum ba zato ba tsammani, cin zarafi na jiki da tunani ko lalata.

Babban rashin damuwa: wannan lamari ne na bakin ciki mai tsanani ko rashin bege wanda ake kira ciwon kai na asibiti inda mutum ya kasance a cikin yanayin tashin hankali na akalla makonni biyu. Irin waɗannan mutane sau da yawa suna da al'amurran da suka shafi daraja kuma suna janye daga cikin al'umma. Sun kosa da rayuwa har suna tunanin kashe kansu.

Wasu yanayi na tabin hankali ana iya magance su idan aka basu taimakon likita akan lokaci kamar magani, shawarwarin tabin hankali, tunani, hanyoyin kwantar da hankali da sauransu.

References:

https://www.webmd.com/mental-health/mental-health-types-illness#1

https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/types-of-mental-illness

https://www.healthline.com/health/mental-health

https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/36942.php#schizophrenia_causes